Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics - Research Paper Example These topics are applied to the case of Mrs. Z, who is diagnosed with breast cancer but refuses to take additional treatment and disclose her medical condition to her family. This paper analyzes the ethical dilemma inherent in the case and how can the healthcare team resolve this through the application of ethical theories and principles in nursing. B. Justify the Importance of Ethical Theory to Nursing The key role of theories is to provide individuals with a worldview or perspective which may guide them in identifying, describing, explaining, or predicting phenomenon or formulating measures which will facilitate the phenomenon. The competencies that nurses use in the process of ethical decision making are not enough to make appropriate and coherent ethical decision (Lachman, 2012). There are several theories that are drawn upon to help nurses resolve ethical dilemmas. Ethical theories take into account the purpose or motive of the nurse, the techniques exercised by the nurse to car ry out the act, and the outcomes of the act. There are four ethical theories that are widely used in nursing practice, namely utilitarianism, deontology, virtue, and egoist (Fairchild, 2010). Utilitarianism is usually viewed as asserting that the decision-making process is based on the ‘greater good’. Deontology is rooted in the notion of duty. Nurses have a binding obligation to pursue acts that will benefit their patients. Virtue theory states that the motive of the individual making the ethical decision is what establishes whether or not the decision was ethical or good. If the purpose was good, then even though the result was bad, the decision would still be moral. And egoist theory promotes the concept of rational self-interest (Fairchild, 2010; Paganini & Egry, 2011). B.1. Provide one example that shows the importance of ethical theory as it applies to nursing practice Mrs. Z refuses to undergo life-preserving treatment and disclosure of her medical diagnosis to h er family after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Dr. F and the nurse confront a typical ethical dilemma: they desire to prevent the perceived ‘harm’ of Mrs. Z’s condition. Nevertheless, they also desire to fulfill the ‘good’ of valuing the informed decision of the patient and prevent the ‘harm’ of violating her autonomy. In this case the process of ethical decision making will require analysis of similarly firm but contradictory ideas—respect for patient autonomy vs. the preservation of life. In this case the healthcare team may look at the deontological side of the situation to determine if their actions are in accordance to the rules and guidelines of their profession. On the other hand, virtue ethics will help determine if their actions are according to moral or good intention. C. Relate the Principle of Confidentiality to the Concept of Reasonable Limits Confidentiality is the obligation to protect and respect private infor mation. The rule of confidentiality states that nurses should give respect to their patients’ privacy needs and use private details about them only to enhance their care (Longhi-Deshefy et al., 2004). Healthcare professionals must observe confidentiality to

Analysing case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysing case - Essay Example However, there are individual and organizational level factors that if taken into account would increase the likelihood for an employee to change in response to feedback. Individual precursors (IPs) There are five individual-level precursors that, when present, increase the likelihood that an employee will change in response to feedback. The five IPs are: 1) Awareness; 2) Sense of Necessity; 3) Confronting Change; 4) Willingness for feedback; and 5) Development Orientation. The central IP is awareness. Awareness is what makes an individual acknowledge that a problem exists and that it calls for change. Sense of necessity is the recognition that a change in behavior is important and that it has to be followed through. Confronting change is an extension to awareness but with a greater understanding of the steps needed to change. Willingness for feedback indicates emotional readiness for feedback and openness to frank opinions from others. Development orientation involves believing in s eeking development through trying new things and seeking learning opportunities (Silverman, Pogson, and Cober 141). Works cited Silverman, Stanley B, Corrie E Pogson, and Alana B Cober.

A Ethical Dilemma that was Shaped or Influenced by the Application of Assignment

A Ethical Dilemma that was Shaped or Influenced by the Application of Nursing Research - Assignment Example Ethical dilemmas can also arise when a patient’s autonomy is not respected. This is to do with the kind of treatment the patient wants, including refusal to treatment and euthanasia (Stevens, 2006). The article states that such ethical dilemmas can be solved if the nurses have better knowledge and skills, communication skills, authority and a proper knowledge of ethical principles guiding the nursing practice (Parker, 2007). Ethical dilemmas are difficult to solve. A single decision by the nurse may not please everybody concerned, including hospital management and the patient’s guardians and relatives. Although it is important to have the basic ethical principles and knowledge from research, it is still very difficult to make a decision in an ethical dilemma. Credentialing and statutory regulations are significant components of nursing practice. Without these important elements the nursing profession lacks authority to ensure protection of interests of the public (Bandman & Bandman, 2002). Licensing is meant to protect the public from unprofessional and unsafe medical practitioners while credentialing helps to verify the qualifications of medical practitioners, including

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 57

Art - Essay Example The dark paintings illustrates the dark moments that were being experienced at that time. The artist tried to bring out the real situation in his society. The picture shows the status quo of the time in Honduras . This was the period that the massacre happened and so the artist has tried to depict the real situation of how the leader was comfortably sited while the nation was at war. The picture captures the hearty vitality that the painting shows. Via strong and concrete auditory and visual images and through the strong measured rhythm, it reveals that situation was worse and yet leaders were not in control of it. th picture is ironical to the real situation as the leader was supposed to to be at ease at such an alarming war situation. The picture can be described mage that focuses on a painting of warfare where a community or village participates in an aggressive manner. . The picture utilizes onomatopoeia to try and make the painting appear real. It can be deduced that the annoying sounds in the paintings can be used to help describe the violent aspect of the situation as further as endorsed by the colors. The picture was intended to show critical moments and records of events and details of the history people’s life during that time. It intends to shade more light on the painting by showing that people preserve their hope and depict determination to persevere hard conditions. That is the message that is contained in this painting as presented by the painter. Through the work, it is easy to learn and understand more about war life of that period and the people who inhabited it.. The painter had in his mind a moral slant in that lust, anger and gluttony are vividly seen in the painting. More so, the picture reveals the painters intention of bringing out the message that despite having leaders, the situation was wanting. This picture cannot understand support its themes without referring to the art work because the theme

Does Modern Wedding Cost Too Much Research Paper

Does Modern Wedding Cost Too Much - Research Paper Example Although there are special cases of societal icons that have broken records in spending millions of dollars in wedding events, general spending by average people has increased tremendously. This paper seeks to provide succinct evidence to support the fact that modern weddings cost too much. Interestingly, planning of wedding events has become a fully functional industry that generates millions of dollars every year. Certainly, this has been primarily caused by the increase of busy lifestyles and consequently less time to spend organizing for wedding events. Couples have increasingly preferred to opt for wedding organizing services since there is increased money flow and less time to spend it due to busy lifestyles. Although the exact cost of holding a wedding event ranges from one country to another Sherrie claims, â€Å"The price for a wedding in the U.S, is $ 26, 400† (Sherrie 14). It is also claimed that the wedding â€Å"Cost will increase about 2.3% over already high 200 5 prices† (Sherrie 13). Although these statistics were taken in 2005, it can be posited that at present, costs have actually gone up further. There is overwhelming evidence indicating that the costs of modern wedding are actually high. According to a report by Fox, â€Å"the national average costs of using a wedding planner is approximately $3500 to $4000. For some couples, hiring a wedding planner is a crucial part of their wedding preparation† (Fox n.p). With the stresses of modern lifestyles, it is easy to understand why many couple opt for a wedding planner, it simply offers a relief. Although hiring a wedding planner increases the costs of the wedding, the relief offered is justified. With more people preferring wedding planner service to organize their wedding events, wedding planning business continue to flourish and offer better services thereby increasing the costs further. Holding of wedding events calls for hiring of special ceremony sites that will offer the wedding a sense of uniqueness. Renting of the ceremony sites especially for the reception, assuming that appreciable number of weddings are held in church, has increased with time. This causes an increase in overall wedding costs considering that a large percentage of the wedding resources will be spent on hiring exclusive ceremony sites such as lucrative hotels and recreational centers. According to estimates by Alliance Trust â€Å"The largest proportion of the wedding cost is spent on the hire of the venue, catering and drinks, this alone can swallow around 33% of the total cost† (Alliance Trust web). Another important aspect worth consideration, a precursor to rising wedding costs, is the upward shift in wedding age. According to Alliance Trust, â€Å"Our calculations put the average cost at ?20,000 – an onerous amount which could well explain why couples are delaying a wedding until they are more financially secure† (Alliance Trust web). This is clear evid ence that the modern society appreciates the importance of weddings to the extent that they would defer the wedding to a later date so that they could afford the increased wedding costs. A brief analysis of trends in wedding costs conducted by Wong posits, â€Å"The average price tag that is fast approaching $30,000 represents a 73 percent increase during the past 15 years† (Wong web). It is interesting to note that such a rise in spending costs can be attributed to change in lifestyle, personal

EUROPEAN BUSINESS-'WHEREVER YOU LOCATE IN THE EU, IT IS A TRULY Essay

EUROPEAN BUSINESS-'WHEREVER YOU LOCATE IN THE EU, IT IS A TRULY INTEGRETED MARKET.' DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THIS STATEMENT - Essay Example This necessarily implies the abolition of tariffs and quotas for imports among the member-nations, without abolishing the same tariffs and quotas in their trade with third countries. Essentially, the free trade area agreement is a preferential trade agreement, and the products covered by the removal of tariffs and trades may be limited, or may encompass the entire manufacturing sector. The next stage of economic integration is the customs union, where internal tariffs and quotas are accompanied by certain external trade restrictions, or where external tariffs and quotas are harmonized. This level of integration sought to address the weakness of the free trade area, which was vulnerable because of the member countries’ unequal policies with external trade. This invited third countries to target the member country with the most favourable tariff policies. Under the customs union, there is resort to the creation of common regulatory bodies and institutions endowed with police powers to control and regulate trade within the union. The third level, the common market, is also known as a single market. In this stage of integration, there is free factor mobility of goods among the member countries, in the form of goods, capital, labour, and services. A more intense level of regulation is implicit, and institutions are established to monitor and oversee that decisions adopted by each state does not alter the free factor mobility in the territory. The economic union is the fourth level of integration, at which the member states harmonize their economic policies, mainly in the areas of economic and fiscal policy. A series of central institutions aids in the coordination of particular areas of economic policy to the point that sovereign states relinquish control to the supranational body. Finally, complete economic integration results with the subsequent and

Teddys Supplies CEO Essay Example for Free

Teddys Supplies CEO Essay Mr. Moore it is in my firm opinion that you settle this case so your company can move on and not be impacted on this matter any longer. I feel the longer this plays out the longer your company could suffer financially and publicly. You need to get in front of this and have the press stopped. In my opinion you are looking at worst case scenario of damages by this case could be exponential. You company still has legal fees for any and all attorneys you are hiring to fight this battle. You are having to pay more in Public Relations to stay in the fore front of press. You are not only going to have to pay out money you could possibly lose money. Since the word is out you could lose contracts, and as well as any customers that may do business with you just base on the perception of the company. You will have to pay unemployment charge backs, as well as your unemployment rates are going to increase. If you will look into Case In the Matter of Reuben Starishevsky, Petitioner, v. Hofstra University et al., Respondents. This shows how a company/ organization can lose the appeal and have to reinstate the employee’s job along with back pay. I suggest you look this over and put a game plan together with your attorney on how to overcome in your case. The circuit court overturned the decision of the NJ Human Rights Commission that had found that Pollard was the victim of sexual harassment and disparate treatment. Please answer these questions: Define sexual harassment, including both quid pro quo and hostile environment harassment. Which type(s) do you feel Pollard was a victim of (if either)? Provide law or a case to support your position. If you feel Pollard was not a victim of  harassment in this case, explain why you feel that way, and provide law or a case to support your position. Name an appellate court case in which an employer was found liable for either quid pro quo or hostile environment sexual harassment. Describe the facts of the case and the decision the court came to in the case. Explain whether you think that case applies to Pollards case (why or why not) and whether you would want to use this case in Teddys favor or whether Pollard may use it in her favor. Include the citation to the case and a link to it online. Do you agree that Pollard was disparately treated? Why or why not? In your answer, define disparate treatment. Does the existence of a sexual harassment policy pro vide a defense to Teddys in this case? Why or why not? (Include the name and citation of at least two federal or state sexual harassment cases that provide precedent support to your defense statement.) Quid pro quo harassment typically occurs when a supervisor makes a request for a sexual favor in return for giving an employee an employment-related benefit: a raise, a promotion or a positive job review, for instance. Quid pro quo harassment can consist of a single or numerous sexual advances or demands. Quid pro quo harassment typically occurs when a supervisor makes a request for a sexual favor in return for giving an employee an employment-related benefit: a raise, a promotion or a positive job review, for instance. It may involve a direct or implied threat of retaliation if the employee does not agree to the request. This case should not fall under either case. I do not feel that this is a quid pro quo case due to the fact that there was not a manager involved in the harassment. As well that I do not think that the hostile work environment should hold, due to the fact that this is a reoccurring event with this staff and that she was involved in many acts and not that she had cla imed a case on. In the case of GEORGETTA KINNISON, Plaintiff-Appellant vs. ADVANCE STORES COMPANY, INC., et al., Defendants-Appellees. Facts of the case are that Georgetta filed a complaint against Advanced Auto Parts, and Russell Pitts the store manager alleged that she was offered a job at the store. She compiled all the paperwork to commence her employment. Part of her training she had to come to the store in the morning so she would be familiar to the opening procedures. Once she arrived there the Manager wanted her to engage in other acts of sexual Nature. She then refused and stated she was just wanted to work at Advanced  Auto. Advanced Auto was trying to say that since she did not have hours, she was not technically an employee of the company. The individual who is denied a job because he or she declined to submit to the sexual demands of the potential employer also has standing to bring a claim on a theory of quid pro quo harassment, however, because the denial of employment is an employment decision affecting the individual. See Ohio Admin Code 4112-5-05(J)(7) [**8] 1 . Because of this, status as an employee at the time the sexual demands are made is not necessarily a prerequisite to maintaining a cause of action for gender discrimination on the basis of quid pro quo ha rassment. 2003-Ohio-3387; 2003 Ohio App. LEXIS 3055; 92 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 314. Retrieved from www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademic. I think this is case could apply as a defense and they can use it showing that the employee was not sexual harassed quid pro quo. In disparate treatment the employee must show that he or she was treated differently than other employees who dont share the same protected characteristic. Similarly situated the comparable employees were and whether the employer’s decision was made because of the employee’s protected characteristic or for other reasons. I do feel that she was treated differently since she was a female, but I do not think that she opposed this treatment and was having just as much fun as everyone else was. I do not think that she has a case. I feel that if she ultimately felt that they was wrong doing she would have filed a complaint with her supervisor or even filled out the online form when she first encountered the first act. Having a policy does not guarantee that an employer is free from liability i f a harassment case is brought against the company. In Gorzynski v. JetBlue Airways Corp. the Court ruled that that whether a plaintiff’s complaints to the harasser constitute reasonable availment of an employer’s sexual harassment policy is to be determined by the specific facts and circumstances of each case, regardless of there being a policy in place. Review the sexual harassment policy that Teddys has in place and that Virginia Pollard signed. Virginia Pollard claims she had planned to make an anonymous complaint but the website allowing that was down on the day she tried to do so. During the Human Rights Commission case, a review of the website statistics shows that Virginia accessed the website for downloading dental coverage forms at least three times during the time frame of the  alleged discrimination. The commission determined that this ability of Teddys to track employees use of the site was a violation of their anonymity and therefore refused to consider this information. The circuit court did consider thi s in their decision. Provide three recommendations to the CEO for a way to ensure that employees in the future cannot claim technical issues for why they didnt make a complaint. Explain, in your recommendations, the legal consequences to an employee if they do not utilize the complaint mechanism of the sexual harassment policy. Support these recommendations with current case law. In reviewing the policy in place and the chain of commands to which to file a complaint. I can see where there could be some changes. Three recommendations that the company could put into place would be to ensure there is a tracking protocol and log kept of any and all downtime that has occurred with the website, that my hinder people accessing the site. Have another way to file a complaint such as a hotline the employees could call in whether there is a site outage or that an employee may not have internet access. Make sure this is training and a program put into place so the employees both female and male both feel comfortable to file a claim. Make sure they know that in the event they fail to file the correct paperwork or fail to notify a supervisor or upper-management of such event that they forfeit their right to sue the company. Two cases that show this type of implementation is MELODY G. COBB, APPELLANT v. COMMUNITY ACTION COUNCIL FOR LEXINGTON-FAYETTE, BOURBON, HARRISON, AND NICHOLAS COUNTIES, INC. AND WILLIAM F. HINTON, APPELLEES and EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Plaintiff, v. THE FINISH LINE, INC., Defendant. These supervisors did not promote a hostile environment, but have the authority to hire, fire, and discipline the employees as deemed necessary. How would Pollards case be impacted if her replacement had been a female? Would her case be different? Would her damages be different? Explain your answer. I do not think that would change anything in the case. I feel that she would have filed the same suit and the company would be in the same standing even if they hired another female to replace her. I think she is just upset that someone filed a complaint against her and now she is trying to retaliate and say that she was the victim in the situation. If she really felt as though she was a victim she would have initially filed a complaint or told a supervisor. She already had a history of not following  the rules of the company by making personal phone calls while at work.